A look at the claims, predictions and behavior of a media "psychic".

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AC360: Sylvia Browne's Best Evidence?

Anderson Cooper 360 examines evidence provided by Sylvia Browne of her psychic abilities.

Anderson Cooper introducing the segment.

Anderson Cooper introducing the segment.

Background

On January 19 2007, CNN's Anderson Cooper 360 show devoted a segment to examining Sylvia Browne's claims and abilities.

Titled "Dead Wrong," the segment centered around Browne's failure in her 2003 reading for Shawn Hornbeck's parents, in which she told them that Shawn was dead. He of course had turned up alive years later.

Browne did not appear on the show, but a message from her business manager was read, which in part said:

"Sylvia has never charged a fee to any law enforcement person, agency, or any individual for her work on a missing-persons case, and has worked on hundreds of such cases over the years, with positive results."

Browne often makes claims like this on shows such as CNN's Larry King Live, and the host will let the claim pass without asking Browne to back it up.

To Anderson Cooper's credit, he did what journalists are supposed to do, but seldom do with Sylvia Browne: he asked to see the evidence.

Sylvia Browne's people supplied that evidence, and on January 30 2007, Anderson Cooper 360 broadcast a follow-up segment in which that evidence was examined.

This article recaps that January 30 episode's look at the evidence.

The Evidence

The segment started with Anderson Cooper examining the evidence which Browne and her staff had provided, with the latter part of the segment devoted to an interview with Linda Rossi (Browne's business manager) and James Randi (investigator and debunker of psychic and other paranormal claims).

This was evidence Browne provided to a nationally broadcast show, right after she had received a lot of bad press over the Shawn Hornbeck case. I would think that Browne would have picked out the best, strongest evidence of her abilities she could find - with, according to her, more than fifty years' experience as a psychic from which to pick and choose.

Let's see how that evidence stacked up.

Note: All the quotes from the show used in this article were taken from the official CNN transcript of the show.

1. The Ski-mask Rapist

In the opening video segment, Anderson Cooper says the following:

(Anderson) Cooper: The ski mask rapist terrorized the San Francisco Bay area during the late 1980s. Browne writes about the case in her book "Insight", claiming she told police the suspect's last name began with the letter "S" and, quote, "He works for the city, something to do with the streets, actually under the streets."

George Anthony Sanchez was arrested and convicted of raping 26 women. He was a sewer repairman for the city.

The Los Altos police confirmed Browne was involved with the case but could not tell CNN what extent, because the case happened so long ago.

Not only is her claim unverifiable, she has supplied no evidence that she made these "predictions" before Anthony Sanchez was arrested or convicted. As far as I know, the only examples of this prediction are from Browne's books, written after Sanchez's conviction.

Note also that the police statement that Browne was "involved with the case" does not even mean that she was involved in the solving of the case. It could mean as little as that she was someone who phoned in a tip which did not pan out.

So, Browne's first piece of evidence: could not be checked.

2. Chandra Levy

From the opening video segment:

Cooper: Browne maintains she never chases after missing person cases, but she'll help if she's asked. While police were searching Rock Creek Park for Chandra Levy in the summer of 2001, Sylvia Browne was asked about the case during a television appearance. She said the intern was dead and her body was in that park, which it was.

Note that Browne made the prediction in a television interview ("The Edge with Paula Zahn"), after police were already known to be searching the park.

Not only was it known that police were interested in the park where Levy's body was subsequently found, but it was also known why they were interested: police knew that, on the night she vanished, someone had used Chandra Levy's computer to find directions on how to get to Rock Creek Park, making it potentially Levy's last known destination.

Later on Anderson Cooper 360, when interviewing Linda Rossi and James Randi:

Cooper: In the Chandra Levy case, they were already searching in the park. Isn't that correct?

(Linda) Rossi: They were searching in the park during the time, but not -- not during the time when she talked to the family and told them where they were, only when they did the interview.

So here Rossi claims that Browne had told the family where Chandra would be found, and that she did so before police were searching the park. But there is no evidence that this is the case, beyond Rossi's word.

Also, here was Browne's precise prediction on the Levy case, from an interview she did with Paula Zahn:

(Sylvia) Browne: If I were to take a helicopter straight up and look at this part, which makes sort of a square – if I were facing west, there's a marshy area. There are some trees down in a marshy area. . . . This is where the body is. This girl is not alive.

I have not been able to determine whether or not Browne's description ("sort of square... facing west") is correct, but Levy's remains were found strewn across a steep incline. And, as Benjamin Radford of the Skeptical Inquirer said of this prediction, "a marsh located on an incline is geographically impossible."

Browne's second piece of evidence: a public prediction made after it was known the police were interested in the location, and which unsuccessfully described where in the park Chandra's body would be found.

3. World Trade Center Bombing

Cooper: In the wake of the 1993 World Trade Center bombings, Sylvia Browne was interviewed by the FBI. She says she described one of the suspects.

Browne: [On FBI videotape] Short build, wiry, black hair, black eyebrows. There's an "M" on there, and I'm not exactly -- but it's S-A-L-Z-E-M- something". Saleman. Salzeman. M-O-N. OK, Salzemon.

Cooper: That conversation, according to Browne, took place on March 16, 1993, and she claims she was talking about Mohammed Salama, who was convicted in the terrorist attack. But he was arrested on March 4, 1993, 12 days before Sylvia Browne talked with the FBI.

Later in the show, Cooper says to Linda Rossi (Sylvia Browne's business manager):

Cooper: Linda, thanks for being on the program. We asked you and Sylvia Browne for some examples of success stories. You said Sharon James was a success, and Sylvia Browne claims she all but named one of the World Trade Center bombers. It turns out that was almost two weeks after he'd already been arrested. Do you still consider those success stories?

Rossi: Yes, because at the time that she spoke about that, she didn't know that they had been named. And not only that, but she also worked on the Chandra Levy case, which she talked to the parents after they requested her to do so, and I might add, free of charge. She never charges anyone to do that.

Cooper: But you said on the World Trade Center case, though, that it was before those people had been named. We did a Google search. That guy's name was all over Nexis, all over newspapers multiple times.

Rossi: Well, I don't know about the exact date of that, but I do know when Sylvia put forth that prediction, when it was publicized might be a different matter, but when she put forth that prediction, that name was not known.

Cooper: Well, the FBI video which you sent us, which is her FBI testimony, that, according to you guys, that was at least some two weeks after this guy had already been arrested and after his name was already out there.

Browne's third piece of evidence: a prediction in which she got the name wrong, and made after the perpetrator had been arrested.

4. Letter From Unidentified Writer

Cooper: Browne says she's done thousands upon thousands of reading during her 50-year career and that she has thousands of letters and affidavits from people she's helped. Browne's office sent us two of those as examples of her successes. One of the letters was impossible to verify.

Browne's fourth piece of evidence: an unverifiable letter.

5. Letter From Sharon James

Cooper: The other [letter] was from Sharon James, who did a telephone reading with Browne in 2003, two years after her 35-year-old son disappeared.

(Sharon) James: She told me that my son was in Tennessee and that he was alive.

Cooper: Two months later Sharon James received a letter in the mail. The return address was from Tennessee.

James: And I thought she was absolutely right, he was in Tennessee. Why else would I have gotten the letter?

Cooper: But the letter turned out to be from an insurance company in Tennessee that was looking for her son.

Cooper: [on camera] Had he been living in Tennessee?

James: No, he had never lived in Tennessee.

James: [on videotape, answering phone] Sharon James.

Cooper: [voice-over] Sylvia Browne had made one more prediction about Sharon James' son.

James: He had been prone to occasionally take off and come back and take off and come back, so I asked her if she thought maybe he was bipolar, and she said no, he was schizophrenic.

Cooper: James says her son has not been diagnosed with schizophrenia or any other mental illness, and the suggestion that her son was schizophrenic caused her anxiety.

James: I had this vision in my mind that he was living on the streets and schizophrenic, like you see schizophrenics in movies or something, and so it became very stressful.

Cooper: James has since reunited with her son in November of 2005, about a year later than Browne predicted. She paid $700 for her half-hour phone reading, and when she first talked to Sylvia Browne, James found some comfort, but now she says she wouldn't do it again.

James: I was in such a different frame of mind at the time. I was emotional, I was grieving, I was worried, I was stressed, and I was looking for answers anywhere I could find them.

Browne's fifth piece of evidence: A letter from a woman who now says she would not use Browne again. Browne was incorrect on the son's location, and incorrect on when he would be found. She was right that he would be found, but that's a 50/50 call.

Also, note that Cooper says that Sharon James paid $700 for her phone reading (emphasis mine). This would seem to disprove Browne and Rossi's claim that Browne never charges for helping with a missing person case.

6. Ted Gunderson

Cooper: We spoke to Ted Gunderson, who's a retired senior special agent in charge of the FBI in Los Angeles. He's worked with Sylvia Browne, and he says -- he says he's worked with her quite a bit. And he said this about her. He says, quote, "I've worked with numerous psychics in the past and very few are really on target, but Sylvia Browne is probably one of the most accurate psychics in the country."

This sounds pretty impressive, that a retired FBI "special agent in charge" would endorse Browne. But if you look into Ted Gunderson a bit further, you'll find out that he believes in lots of odd things:

From the biography page of Ted Gunderson's web site:

The kidnapping of children for purposes of prostitution, pornography, high tech weaponry experimental abuse, mind control, child slave labor for underground alien-controlled facilities, white sex slavery, and the satanic ritual murder of untold thousands of American children snatched from the streets and playgrounds of America by agents working for the CIA is the principle reason for the existence of a covert CIA operation called "The Finders".

He also, in this interview, claims various bizarre things, including:

(Ted) Gunderson: I’ve talked to, and have in my hip pocket, Rusty Nelson, who was the head photographer for the group. He’s been identified as involved, of course, and he has thousands of photographs of sexual exploitation and sexual involvement by some of America’s leading politicians.

(Tracy) Twyman: Like who?

Gunderson: George Bush, Sr.

Twyman: So you’ve seen these pictures of George Bush sexually abusing children?

Gunderson: Yeah. Well, he’s got ‘em involved in sexual exploitation. I haven’t seen the pictures yet because they’re in a cave in Colorado. Rusty Nelson’s in Oregon, and if we ever get enough money, we’ll go over there and pull these pictures out.

Browne's sixth piece of evidence: an endorsement by a man who believes in Browne's abilities, as well as the things he mentions above.

Analysis

Let's look at a rundown of the evidence:

1. Ski-mask Rapist:Unverifiable (and only documented after the fact).
2. Chandra Levy:Partially right (and only documented after the fact).
3. WTC Bombing:Partially right (and made after Salama arrested).
4. Letter From (Unknown):Unverifiable.
5. Letter From Sharon James:  Partially right.
6. Ted Gunderson:You decide.

This is Browne's best evidence?

Perhaps much more evidence was given, but Anderson Cooper did not show it for some reason? Or perhaps Anderson Cooper did not give Browne's staff enough time to compile their best evidence? If either of these is the case, Linda Rossi never mentioned it in her interview.

So, if this is the best evidence Browne has of her alleged "psychic abilities", if this is the absolute cream of the crop after fifty years in the business, it does not speak very well of those abilities.

Conclusion

Nothing in any of the evidence presented to Anderson Cooper would seem to prove any of Browne's claims to "psychic abilities."

As Cooper said in a lead-in to this segment of the show:

Cooper: Sylvia Browne, wrong about Shawn Hornbeck. She gave us a list of success stories. We checked it out, but she might not like what we found.

No, I don't imagine she liked it one bit.

My thanks to Anderson Cooper, and to the staff at Anderson Cooper 360 for doing what journalists are supposed to do: examine the evidence.

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